Coevolving Plasmids Drive Gene Circulation and Genome Plasticity in Host-Related Intracellular Micro organism
Plasmids are necessary in microbial evolution and adaptation to new environments. But, carrying a plasmid could be pricey, and long-term affiliation of plasmids with their hosts is poorly understood. Right here, we offer proof that the Chlamydiae, a phylum of strictly host-associated intracellular micro organism, have coevolved with their plasmids since their final widespread ancestor. Present chlamydial plasmids are amalgamations of at the least one ancestral plasmid and a bacteriophage.
We present that almost all of plasmid genes are additionally discovered on chromosomes of extant chlamydiae. Essentially the most conserved plasmid gene households are predominantly vertically inherited, whereas accent plasmid gene households present considerably elevated mobility.
We reconstructed the evolutionary historical past of plasmid gene content material of a whole bacterial phylum over a interval of round one billion years. Frequent horizontal gene switch and chromosomal integration occasions illustrate the pronounced impression of coevolution with these extrachromosomal components on bacterial genome dynamics in host-dependent microbes.
Plasmid Switch by Conjugation in Gram-Unfavorable Micro organism: From the Mobile to the Neighborhood Degree
Bacterial conjugation, additionally known as bacterial intercourse, is a serious horizontal gene switch mechanism by which DNA is transferred from a donor to a recipient bacterium by direct contact. Conjugation is universally conserved amongst micro organism and happens in a variety of environments (soil, plant surfaces, water, sewage, biofilms, and host-associated bacterial communities).
Inside these habitats, conjugation drives the speedy evolution and adaptation of bacterial strains by mediating the propagation of varied metabolic properties, together with symbiotic way of life, virulence, biofilm formation, resistance to heavy metals, and, most significantly, resistance to antibiotics.
These properties make conjugation a essentially necessary course of, and it’s thus the main target of intensive examine. Right here, we evaluate the important thing steps of plasmid switch by conjugation in Gram-negative micro organism, by following the life cycle of the F issue throughout its switch from the donor to the recipient cell. We additionally focus on our present data of the extent and impression of conjugation inside an environmentally and clinically related bacterial habitat, bacterial biofilms.
Use of critically necessary antimicrobial lessons early in life could adversely impression bacterial resistance profiles throughout grownup years: potential co-selection for plasmid-borne fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance by way of extended-spectrum beta-lactam use in dairy cattle
The switch of antimicrobial resistance genes generally happens by way of vertical and horizontal gene switch, as such genes are sometimes discovered on the identical cell genetic aspect.
- This incidence can result in the co-selection of resistance to antimicrobials with out their software. Dairy cattle positioned within the southwestern United States had been enrolled in a matched-pair longitudinal examine to guage the results of a two-dose ceftiofur remedy for metritis on ranges of third-generation cephalosporin resistance amongst faecal Escherichia coli temporally.
- E. coli chosen for additional investigation had been remoted on selective media, harboured extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, fluoroquinolone, and macrolide resistance genes. This mix has beforehand been unreported; importantly, it included genes encoding for resistance to antibiotics that may solely be utilized in dairy cattle lower than 20 months of age.
- Fluoroquinolones, macrolides and third and higher technology cephalosporins are thought of critically necessary and highest precedence for human drugs by the World Well being Group.
A converging subset of soil bacterial taxa is permissive to the IncP-1 plasmid pKJK5 throughout a variety of soil copper contamination
Stressors like metals or antibiotics can have an effect on bacterial group permissiveness for plasmid uptake, however there’s little data about long-term results of such stressors on the evolution of group permissiveness. We assessed the impact of greater than 90 years of soil Cu contamination on bacterial group permissiveness (i.e. uptake capability) in the direction of a gfp-tagged IncP-1 plasmid (pKJK5) launched by way of an Escherichia coli donor.
Plasmid switch occasions from the donor to the recipient soil bacterial group had been quantified and transconjugants had been subsequently remoted by fluorescence activated cell sorting and recognized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.
Switch frequency of plasmid pKJK5 was diminished in bacterial communities extracted from extremely Cu contaminated (4526 mg kg-1) soil in comparison with corresponding communities extracted from reasonably (458 mg kg-1) Cu contaminated soil and a low Cu reference soil (15 mg kg-1).
The taxonomic composition of the transconjugal swimming pools confirmed exceptional similarities regardless of the diploma of soil Cu contamination and regardless of contrasting compositions of the extracted recipient communities and the unique soil communities.
Permissiveness assessed on the stage of particular person operational taxonomic models (OTUs; 16S rRNA gene 97% sequence similarity threshold) was solely barely affected by soil Cu stage and excessive replicate variability of OTU-level permissiveness indicated a job of stochastic occasions in IncP-1 plasmid switch or strain-to-strain permissiveness variability.
rmbiomed
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein C (cppC) |
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| MBS1134588-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 850 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein C (cppC) |
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| MBS1134588-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 1025 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein B (cppB) |
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| MBS1249328-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1130 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein B (cppB) |
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| MBS1249328-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 720 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein B (cppB) |
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| MBS1249328-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 885 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein B (cppB) |
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| MBS1249328-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 860 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein B (cppB) |
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| MBS1249328-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 1035 |
Recombinant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cppA Protein (aa 1-84) |
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| VAng-Wyb2086-1mgEcoli | Creative Biolabs | 1 mg (E. coli) | EUR 3316.8 |
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Description: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein A, recombinant protein. |
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Recombinant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cppA Protein (aa 1-84) |
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| VAng-Wyb2086-500gEcoli | Creative Biolabs | 500 µg (E. coli) | EUR 2377.2 |
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Description: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein A, recombinant protein. |
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Recombinant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cppA Protein (aa 1-84) |
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| VAng-Wyb2086-50gEcoli | Creative Biolabs | 50 µg (E. coli) | EUR 1632 |
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Description: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein A, recombinant protein. |
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Recombinant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cppB Protein (aa 1-213) |
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| VAng-Wyb2087-1mgEcoli | Creative Biolabs | 1 mg (E. coli) | EUR 4244.4 |
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Description: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein B, recombinant protein. |
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Recombinant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cppB Protein (aa 1-213) |
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| VAng-Wyb2087-500gEcoli | Creative Biolabs | 500 µg (E. coli) | EUR 3036 |
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Description: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein B, recombinant protein. |
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Recombinant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cppB Protein (aa 1-213) |
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| VAng-Wyb2087-50gEcoli | Creative Biolabs | 50 µg (E. coli) | EUR 2067.6 |
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Description: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein B, recombinant protein. |
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Recombinant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cppC Protein (aa 1-205) |
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| VAng-Wyb2088-1mgEcoli | Creative Biolabs | 1 mg (E. coli) | EUR 4173.6 |
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Description: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein C, recombinant protein. |
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Recombinant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cppC Protein (aa 1-205) |
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| VAng-Wyb2088-500gEcoli | Creative Biolabs | 500 µg (E. coli) | EUR 2994 |
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Description: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein C, recombinant protein. |
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Recombinant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae cppC Protein (aa 1-205) |
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| VAng-Wyb2088-50gEcoli | Creative Biolabs | 50 µg (E. coli) | EUR 2040 |
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Description: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Cryptic plasmid protein C, recombinant protein. |
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Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein hfq (hfq) |
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| MBS1313322-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1020 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein hfq (hfq) |
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| MBS1313322-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 590 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein hfq (hfq) |
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| MBS1313322-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 775 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein hfq (hfq) |
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| MBS1313322-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 705 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein hfq (hfq) |
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| MBS1313322-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 905 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1211530-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1225 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1211530-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 880 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1211530-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 1015 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1211530-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 1060 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1211530-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 1155 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1105464-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1225 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1105464-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 880 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1105464-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 1015 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1105464-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 1060 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1105464-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 1155 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1487715-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1225 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1487715-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 880 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1487715-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 1015 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1487715-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 1060 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RecA (recA) |
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| MBS1487715-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 1155 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein CyaY (cyaY) |
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| MBS1243074-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1030 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein CyaY (cyaY) |
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| MBS1243074-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 605 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein CyaY (cyaY) |
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| MBS1243074-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 785 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein CyaY (cyaY) |
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| MBS1243074-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 700 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein CyaY (cyaY) |
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| MBS1243074-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 915 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RnfH (rnfH) |
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| MBS1221483-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1015 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RnfH (rnfH) |
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| MBS1221483-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 585 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RnfH (rnfH) |
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| MBS1221483-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 770 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RnfH (rnfH) |
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| MBS1221483-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 695 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RnfH (rnfH) |
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| MBS1221483-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 900 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein MraZ (mraZ) |
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| MBS1189971-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1070 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein MraZ (mraZ) |
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| MBS1189971-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 660 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein MraZ (mraZ) |
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| MBS1189971-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 825 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein MraZ (mraZ) |
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| MBS1189971-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 770 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein MraZ (mraZ) |
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| MBS1189971-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 965 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein grpE (grpE) |
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| MBS1244691-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1110 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein grpE (grpE) |
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| MBS1244691-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 690 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein grpE (grpE) |
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| MBS1244691-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 865 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein grpE (grpE) |
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| MBS1244691-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 830 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein grpE (grpE) |
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| MBS1244691-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 1015 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein CyaY (cyaY) |
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| MBS1389288-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1030 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein CyaY (cyaY) |
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| MBS1389288-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 605 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein CyaY (cyaY) |
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| MBS1389288-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 785 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein CyaY (cyaY) |
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| MBS1389288-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 700 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein CyaY (cyaY) |
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| MBS1389288-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 915 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein hitA (hitA) |
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| MBS1093782-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1030 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein hitA (hitA) |
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| MBS1093782-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 605 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein hitA (hitA) |
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| MBS1093782-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 785 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein hitA (hitA) |
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| MBS1093782-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 700 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein hitA (hitA) |
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| MBS1093782-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 915 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein grpE (grpE) |
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| MBS1475515-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1110 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein grpE (grpE) |
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| MBS1475515-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 690 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein grpE (grpE) |
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| MBS1475515-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 865 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein grpE (grpE) |
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| MBS1475515-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 830 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein grpE (grpE) |
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| MBS1475515-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 1015 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein MraZ (mraZ) |
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| MBS1405168-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1070 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein MraZ (mraZ) |
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| MBS1405168-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 660 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein MraZ (mraZ) |
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| MBS1405168-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 825 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein MraZ (mraZ) |
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| MBS1405168-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 770 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein MraZ (mraZ) |
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| MBS1405168-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 965 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RnfH (rnfH) |
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| MBS1427992-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1015 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RnfH (rnfH) |
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| MBS1427992-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 585 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RnfH (rnfH) |
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| MBS1427992-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 770 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RnfH (rnfH) |
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| MBS1427992-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 695 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein RnfH (rnfH) |
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| MBS1427992-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 900 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Replication protein |
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| MBS1014253-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1205 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Replication protein |
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| MBS1014253-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 855 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Replication protein |
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| MBS1014253-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 995 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Replication protein |
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| MBS1014253-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 1030 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Replication protein |
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| MBS1014253-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 1130 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (argF) |
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| MBS1009340-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1210 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (argF) |
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| MBS1009340-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 860 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (argF) |
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| MBS1009340-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 1000 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (argF) |
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| MBS1009340-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 1035 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (argF) |
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| MBS1009340-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 1135 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Opacity protein V28 |
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| MBS1247395-002mgBaculovirus | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Baculovirus) | EUR 1115 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Opacity protein V28 |
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| MBS1247395-002mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(E-Coli) | EUR 740 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Opacity protein V28 |
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| MBS1247395-002mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.02mg(Yeast) | EUR 905 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Opacity protein V28 |
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| MBS1247395-01mgEColi | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(E-Coli) | EUR 890 |
Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Opacity protein V28 |
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| MBS1247395-01mgYeast | MyBiosource | 0.1mg(Yeast) | EUR 1060 |
Plasmid Interactions Can Enhance Plasmid Persistence in Bacterial Populations
It’s obscure plasmid upkeep within the absence of choice and theoretical fashions predict the situations for plasmid persistence to be restricted. Plasmid-associated health prices lower bacterial competitivity, whereas imperfect partition permits the emergence of plasmid-free cells throughout cell division.
- Though plasmid conjugative switch permits mobility into plasmid-free cells, the speed of such occasions is mostly not excessive sufficient to make sure plasmid persistence. Experimental knowledge recommend a number of components that will broaden the situations favorable for plasmid upkeep, resembling compensatory mutations and accent genes that enable constructive choice.
- A lot of the earlier research give attention to micro organism that carry a single plasmid. Nevertheless, there’s growing proof that a number of plasmids inhabit the identical bacterial inhabitants and that interactions between them have an effect on their transmission and persistence.
- Right here, we adapt earlier mathematical fashions to incorporate a number of plasmids and carry out pc simulations to review how interactions amongst them have an effect on plasmid upkeep.
- We examined the contribution of various plasmid interplay parameters that impression three organic options: host health, conjugative switch and plasmid loss – which have an effect on plasmid persistence.
- The interplay affecting conjugation was studied within the contexts of intracellular and intercellular interactions, i.e., the plasmids work together when current in the identical cell or when in numerous cells, respectively. First, we examined the impact of every sort of interplay alone and concluded that solely interactions affecting health (epistasis) prevented plasmid extinction.
- Though not permitting plasmid upkeep, intracellular interactions growing conjugative efficiencies had a extra determinant impression in delaying extinction than the remaining parameters.
- Then, we allowed a number of interactions between plasmids and concluded that, in just a few instances, a mixed impact of (intracellular) interactions growing conjugation and health result in plasmid upkeep.
- Our outcomes present a hierarchy amongst these interplay parameters. These affecting health favor plasmid persistence greater than these affecting conjugative switch and lastly plasmid loss. These outcomes recommend that interactions between totally different plasmids can favor their persistence in bacterial communities.
Flat Replaceable Tips 25 mm Diameter Flat Titanium Tip |
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| 0-120-0018 | Biologics | 25 mm | EUR 100 |
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Description: use with corresponding Tapped Tips and Tapped Extender Tips |
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Titanium Cup Tip, 250 ml |
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| 0-120-0019 | Biologics | 250 ml | EUR 1377 |
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Description: includes Interface Washers |
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Microtube Tray, 8 Position (for 250 ml Cup Tip) |
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| 0-120-0021 | Biologics | each | EUR 113 |
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Description: includes Interface Washers |
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Continuous Flow Chamber |
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| 0-120-0026 | Biologics | each | EUR 774 |
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Description: includes Interface Washers |
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Interface Washers 1.5” Diameter, 5/Pkg |
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| 0-120-003 | Biologics | 1.5'' Diameter | EUR 31 |
13 mm Diameter Solid Titanium Extender Tip |
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| 0-120-0032 | Biologics | 13 mm | EUR 301 |
13 mm Diameter Tapped Titanium Extender Tip |
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| 0-120-0033 | Biologics | 13 mm | EUR 362 |
19 mm Diameter Solid Titanium Extender Tip |
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| 0-120-0034 | Biologics | 19 mm | EUR 315 |
19 mm Diameter Tapped Titanium Extender Tip |
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| 0-120-0035 | Biologics | 19 mm | EUR 375 |
25 mm Diameter Solid Titanium Extender Tip |
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| 0-120-0036 | Biologics | 25 mm | EUR 328 |
25 mm Diameter Tapped Titanium Extender Tip |
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| 0-120-0037 | Biologics | 25 mm | EUR 389 |
KoldPod, 1.5ml Micro Tube |
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| 0-120-0038 | Biologics | 1.5 ml | EUR 152 |
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Description: Thermo conductive tube pods |
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KoldPod, 15ml Conical Tube |
|||
| 0-120-0039 | Biologics | 15 ml | EUR 275 |
|
Description: Thermo conductive tube pods |
|||
KoldPod, 50ml Conical Tube |
|||
| 0-120-0040 | Biologics | 50 ml | EUR 290 |
|
Description: Thermo conductive tube pods |
|||
Model 150 V/T Ultrasonic Homogenizer |
|||
| 0-121-0002 | Biologics | 210-240V/50-60Hz | EUR 2920 |
|
Description: Delivers up to 150 Watts of ultrasonic power to the Titanium Tip. The Timer and Duty Cycle function increase preciosion in sample processing processing. |
|||
Model 300 V/T Ultrasonic Homogenizer |
|||
| 0-122-0002 | Biologics | 210-240V/50-60Hz | EUR 3520 |
|
Description: Delivers up to 300 Watts of ultrasonic power to the Titanium Tip. The Timer and Duty Cycle function increase preciosion in sample. |
|||
SONABOZ Sound Abating Chamber |
|||
| 0-125-0001 | Biologics | each | EUR 1020 |
|
Description: Reduces cavitational sound emitted during processing. |
|||
Model 3000 Ultrasonic Homogenizer |
|||
| 0-127-0002 | Biologics | 210-240V/50-60Hz | EUR 4120 |
|
Description: Delivers up to 300 Watts of ultrasonic power to the Titanium Tip and includes an intergrated Sound Abating Chmaber to reduce cavitational sound emitted during processing. The Timer and Duty Cycle function increase preciosion in sample. |
|||
Model 3000MP Ultrasonic Homogenizer |
|||
| 0-128-0002 | Biologics | 210-240V/50-60Hz | EUR 4720 |
|
Description: Delivers up to 300 Watts of ultrasonic power to the Titanium Tip with preciosion control from a microprocessor and a graphical user interface displayed on a large (145 mm) LCD display. The integrated Sound Abating Chamber reduces cavitational sound emitted during processing. |
|||
OMNICON® Zone Reader, 210-240V/50-60Hz |
|||
| 0-131-0002 | Biologics | 210-240V/50-60Hz | EUR 35200 |
|
Description: Designed to Perform multi-plate Assays on round 90/100mm Petri Dishes. The integrated LED illumination system provides transmitted light for brightfield and darkfield illumination of transparent media. |
|||
OMNI-Noculator Peni Cylinder Filler, 210-240V/50-60Hz |
|||
| 0-134-0002 | Biologics | 210-240V/50-60Hz | EUR 32200 |
|
Description: A robotic liquid handling system designed to dispense Peni Cylinders and fill Peni Cylinders with the corresponding antibiotic liquid sample. |
|||
Peni Cylinder Dispenser with Manual Hopper |
|||
| 0-144-0002 | Biologics | each | EUR 5406 |
|
Description: Dispenser can be configured to dispense 4 or 6 Peni Cylinders onto a petri dish. |
|||
Peni Cylinder Dispenser with Motorized Hopper, 100-240V/50-60Hz |
|||
| 0-144-0003 | Biologics | 100-240V/50-60Hz | EUR 6254 |
|
Description: The motorized hopper can be configured to dispense 4 or 6 Peni Cylinders onto a petri Dispenser can be disassembled for disinfection. |
|||
Stainless Steel Peni Cylinder with Flat Face |
|||
| 0-144-0005 | Biologics | 6mm I.D. x 8mm O.D. x 10mm Long | EUR 399 |
|
Description: sold in packages of 100 pieces |
|||
Stainless Steel Peni Cylinder with Chamfered Face |
|||
| 0-144-0006 | Biologics | 6mm I.D. x 8mm O.D. x 10mm Long | EUR 412 |
|
Description: sold in packages of 100 pieces |
|||
Custom development of ELISAs for other species or antibody isotypes not listed in the catalog. Custom testing of samples for IgG/IgM/IgA or total (IgG+IgM+IgA) |
|||
| 000-CUS | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | EUR 602 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®405S, 500 ug |
|||
| 00002 | Biotium | 1UG | EUR 527 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-bungarotoxin, CF405s |
|||
| 00002 | Cusabio | 500uG | EUR 594 |
|
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 500uG |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®405S, 500 ug |
|||
| 00002-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 527 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®405S 100ug |
|||
| 00002-100ug | Biotium | 100uG | EUR 132 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®680R, 500 ug |
|||
| 9-00003 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®680R, 500 ug |
|||
| 00003-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 527 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®680R 100ug |
|||
| 9-00003 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®640R, 500 ug |
|||
| 9-00004 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®640R, 500 ug |
|||
| 00004-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 527 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®640R 100ug |
|||
| 9-00004 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®488A, 500 ug |
|||
| 9-00005 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®488A, 500 ug |
|||
| 00005-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 527 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin CF®488A 100ug |
|||
| 9-00005 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®568, 500 ug |
|||
| 9-00006 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®568, 500 ug |
|||
| 00006-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 527 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®568 100ug |
|||
| 9-00006 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®594, 500 ug |
|||
| 9-00007 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®594, 500 ug |
|||
| 00007-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 527 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin CF®594 100ug |
|||
| 9-00007 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®633, 500 ug |
|||
| 9-00009 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®633, 500 ug |
|||
| 00009-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 527 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®633 100ug |
|||
| 9-00009 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
SARS-CoV-2 Indicator Cell Line for RNA Replication - GFP Reporter only |
|||
| 0001-PP-001 | IBT Bioservices | 1 cell line (can order x amount) | EUR 12000 |
|
Description: SARS-CoV-2 GFP reporter cell line using HEK293T (ACE2/TMPRSS2) cells |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, 1 mg |
|||
| 00010-1 | Biotium | 1MG | EUR 193 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, 1 mg |
|||
| 00010-1-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 193 |
Fluorescein-Alpha-Bungarotoxin, 500 ug |
|||
| 00011 | Biotium | 500uG | EUR 376 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Fluorescein-Alpha-Bungarotoxin, 500 ug |
|||
| 00011-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 376 |
Tetramethylrhodamine-Alpha-Bungarotoxin, 500 ug |
|||
| 00012 | Biotium | 500uG | EUR 394 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Tetramethylrhodamine-Alpha-Bungarotoxin, 500 ug |
|||
| 00012-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 394 |
Fluorescein-alpha-bungarotoxin, 10x50ug |
|||
| 00013 | Biotium | 10ST | EUR 436 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Fluorescein-alpha-bungarotoxin, 10x50ug |
|||
| 00013-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 436 |
Tetramethylrhodamine-A-Bungarotoxin, 10x50 ug |
|||
| 00014 | Biotium | 10ST | EUR 494 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Tetramethylrhodamine-A-Bungarotoxin, 10x50 ug |
|||
| 00014-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 494 |
Sulforhodamine 101-Alpha-Bungarotoxin, 500 ug |
|||
| 00015 | Biotium | 500uG | EUR 494 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Sulforhodamine 101-Alpha-Bungarotoxin, 500 ug |
|||
| 00015-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 494 |
Sulforhodamine 101-Alpha-Bungarotoxin, 50 ug |
|||
| 00016 | Biotium | 10ST | EUR 560 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Sulforhodamine 101-Alpha-Bungarotoxin, 50 ug |
|||
| 00016-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 560 |
Biotin-XX-A-Bungarotoxin, 500 ug |
|||
| 00017 | Biotium | 500uG | EUR 455 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Biotin-XX-A-Bungarotoxin, 500 ug |
|||
| 00017-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 455 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®555, 500 ug |
|||
| 9-00018 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®555, 500 ug |
|||
| 00018-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 527 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®555 100ug |
|||
| 9-00018 | Biotium |
|
|
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Acrylamide, Chemzymes Ultra Pure® |
|||
| 00019-100 | Polysciences Europe GmbH | 100g | EUR 101.52 |
|
Description: 79-06-1 |
|||
Acrylamide, Chemzymes Ultra Pure® |
|||
| 00019-500 | Polysciences Europe GmbH | 500g | EUR 270 |
|
Description: 79-06-1 |
|||
Biotin-cAMP, 1 mg |
|||
| 00020 | Biotium | 1MG | EUR 298 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Biotin-cAMP, 1 mg |
|||
| 00020-1 | Biotium | 20ST | EUR 298 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Biotin-cAMP, 50 ug |
|||
| 00020-1-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 414 |
Biotin-cGMP, 1 mg |
|||
| 00021 | Biotium | 1MG | EUR 331 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Biotin-cGMP, 1 mg |
|||
| 00021-1 | Biotium | 20ST | EUR 331 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Biotin-cGMP, 20x50 ug |
|||
| 00021-1-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 447 |
Cyanine 644-cAMP, 1 mg |
|||
| 00022 | Biotium | 1MG | EUR 496 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Cyanine 644-cAMP, 1 mg |
|||
| 00022-1 | Biotium | 20ST | EUR 496 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Cyanine 644-cAMP, 20x50 ug |
|||
| 00022-1-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 647 |
Fluorescein Methotrexate, Triammonium Salt, 1 mg |
|||
| 00023 | Biotium | 1MG | EUR 285 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Fluorescein Methotrexate, Triammonium Salt, 1 mg |
|||
| 00023-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 285 |
Staurosporine |
|||
| 00025 | Biotium | 100uG | EUR 100 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Staurosporine |
|||
| 00025-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 100 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®543, 500 ug |
|||
| 00026 | Biotium | 500uG | EUR 527 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®543, 500 ug |
|||
| 00026-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 527 |
Alpha-Bungarotoxin, CF®543, 100 ug |
|||
| 00026-100ug | Biotium | 1UG | EUR 132 |
|
Description: Alpha-bungarotoxin from Krait snake venom (Bungarus multicinctus) |
|||
Rhodamine Phalloidin 300U |
|||
| 00027 | Biotium | 300 | EUR 364 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Rhodamine Phalloidin 300U |
|||
| 00027-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 364 |
Biotin-XX-Phalloidin |
|||
| 00028 | Biotium | 100U | EUR 466 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Biotin-XX-Phalloidin |
|||
| 00028-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 466 |
Fluorescein-Phalloidin |
|||
| 00030 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 364 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Fluorescein-Phalloidin |
|||
| 00030-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 364 |
Rhodamine 110 Phalloidin |
|||
| 00032 | Biotium | 300ST | EUR 364 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Rhodamine 110 Phalloidin |
|||
| 00032-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 364 |
Sulforhodamine 101 (Texas Red®) Phalloidin |
|||
| 00033 | Biotium | 300EU | EUR 364 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Sulforhodamine 101 (Texas Red®) Phalloidin |
|||
| 00033-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 364 |
Phalloidin, CF®405M |
|||
| 00034 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®405M |
|||
| 00034-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®405M |
|||
| 00034-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®405M |
|||
| 00034-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
CF®488A-cAMP |
|||
| 00036 | Biotium | 100ug | EUR 136 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
CF®488A-cAMP |
|||
| 00036-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 136 |
CF®640R-cAMP |
|||
| 00037 | Biotium | 100ug | EUR 136 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
CF®640R-cAMP |
|||
| 00037-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 136 |
Phalloidin, CF555 |
|||
| 00040 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 530.4 |
|
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 300U |
|||
Phalloidin, CF555 |
|||
| 00040-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 159.6 |
|
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 50U |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®647, 300 U |
|||
| 00041 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®647, 300 U |
|||
| 00041-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®647, 50 U |
|||
| 00041-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®647, 50 U |
|||
| 00041-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®488A, 300 U |
|||
| 00042 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®488A, 300 U |
|||
| 00042-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®488A, 50 U |
|||
| 00042-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®488A, 50 U |
|||
| 00042-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®543, 300 U |
|||
| 00043 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®543, 300 U |
|||
| 00043-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®543, 50 U |
|||
| 00043-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®543, 50 U |
|||
| 00043-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®568, 300 U |
|||
| 00044 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®568, 300 U |
|||
| 00044-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®568, 50 U |
|||
| 00044-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®568, 50 U |
|||
| 00044-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®594, 300 U |
|||
| 00045 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®594, 300 U |
|||
| 00045-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®594, 50 U |
|||
| 00045-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®594, 50 U |
|||
| 00045-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®633, 300 U |
|||
| 00046 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®633, 300 U |
|||
| 00046-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®633, 50 U |
|||
| 00046-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®633, 50 U |
|||
| 00046-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®660R, 300 U |
|||
| 00047 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®660R, 300 U |
|||
| 00047-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®660R, 50 U |
|||
| 00047-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®660R, 50 U |
|||
| 00047-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®680R, 300 U |
|||
| 00048 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 513 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®680R, 300 U |
|||
| 00048-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 513 |
Phalloidin, CF®680R, 50 U |
|||
| 00048-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®680R, 50 U |
|||
| 00048-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®350, 300 U |
|||
| 00049 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®350, 300 U |
|||
| 00049-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®350, 50 U |
|||
| 00049-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®350, 50 U |
|||
| 00049-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®640R, 300 U |
|||
| 00050 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®640R, 300 U |
|||
| 00050-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®640R, 50 U |
|||
| 00050-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®640R, 50 U |
|||
| 00050-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®532, 300 U |
|||
| 00051 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®532, 300 U |
|||
| 00051-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®532, 50 U |
|||
| 00051-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®532, 50 U |
|||
| 00051-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®660C, 300 U |
|||
| 00052 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®660C, 300 U |
|||
| 00052-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®660C, 50 U |
|||
| 00052-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 101 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®660C, 50 U |
|||
| 00052-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 101 |
Phalloidin, CF®680, 300 U |
|||
| 00053 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 513 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®680, 300 U |
|||
| 00053-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 513 |
Phalloidin, CF®680, 50 U |
|||
| 00053-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 118 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®680, 50 U |
|||
| 00053-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 118 |
Phalloidin, CF®430, 300 U |
|||
| 00054 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 491 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®430, 300 U |
|||
| 00054-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 491 |
Phalloidin, CF®430, 50 U |
|||
| 00054-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 110 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®430, 50 U |
|||
| 00054-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 110 |
Phalloidin, CF®440, 300 U |
|||
| 00055 | Biotium | 300U | EUR 491 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®440, 300 U |
|||
| 00055-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 491 |
Phalloidin, CF®440, 50 U |
|||
| 00055-T | Biotium | 50U | EUR 110 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®440, 50 U |
|||
| 00055-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 110 |
Phalloidin, CF®583R, 300 U |
|||
| 00064 | Biotium | 1U | EUR 482 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®583R, 300 U |
|||
| 00064-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 482 |
Phalloidin, CF®583R, 50 U |
|||
| 00064-T | Biotium | 1U | EUR 108 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Phalloidin, CF®583R, 50 U |
|||
| 00064-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 108 |
Cholera Toxin B, CF®405M Conjugate, 100 ug |
|||
| 00068 | Biotium | 1UG | EUR 236 |
|
Description: N/A |
|||
Cholera Toxin B, CF®405M Conjugate, 100 ug |
|||
| 00068-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 236 |
Cholera Toxin B, CF®647 Conjugate, 100 ug |
|||
| 00069 | Biotium | 1UG | EUR 236 |
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Description: N/A |
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Cholera Toxin B, CF®647 Conjugate, 100 ug |
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| 00069-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 236 |
Sox2 Adenovirus (Human) |
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| 000691A | ABM | 750 μl | EUR 375 |
Cholera Toxin B, CF®488A Conjugate, 100 ug |
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| 00070 | Biotium | 100ug | EUR 256 |
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Description: N/A |
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Cholera Toxin B, CF®488A Conjugate, 100 ug |
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| 00070-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 256 |
Cholera Toxin B, CF®568 Conjugate, 100 ug |
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| 00071 | Biotium | 100ug | EUR 256 |
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Description: N/A |
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Cholera Toxin B, CF®568 Conjugate, 100 ug |
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| 00071-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 256 |
Cholera Toxin B, CF®594 Conjugate, 100 ug |
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| 00072 | Biotium | 100ug | EUR 256 |
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Description: N/A |
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Cholera Toxin B, CF®594 Conjugate, 100 ug |
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| 00072-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 256 |
Cholera Toxin B, CF®640R Conjugate, 100 ug |
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| 00073 | Biotium | 100ug | EUR 259 |
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Description: N/A |
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Principal element evaluation exploring the affiliation between antibiotic resistance and heavy steel tolerance of plasmid-bearing sewage wastewater micro organism of scientific relevance
This paper unravels the incidence of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in affiliation with tolerance to heavy metals amongst clinically related micro organism remoted from sewage wastewater.
The micro organism remoted had been recognized following standard phenotypic and/or molecular strategies, and had been subjected to multiple-antibiotic resistance (MAR) profiling. The isolates had been examined towards the heavy metals Hg2+, Cd2+, Cr2+ and Cu2+. SDS-PAGE and agarose gel electrophoretic analyses had been carried out, respectively, for the characterization of heavy steel stress protein and R-plasmid among the many remoted micro organism.
Principal element evaluation was utilized in figuring out bacterial resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. Each lactose-fermenting ( Escherichia coli ) and non-fermenting ( Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas putida ) Gram-negative bacterial strains had been procured, and confirmed MAR phenotypes with respect to 3 or extra antibiotics, together with resistance to the heavy metals Hg2+, Cd2+, Cr2+ and Cu2+.
The Gram-positive micro organism, Enterococcus faecalis , remoted had ‘ampicillin-kanamycin-nalidixic acid’ resistance. The bacterial isolates had MAR indices of 0.3-0.9, indicating their ( E. faecalis , E. coli , A. baumannii and P. putida ) origin from niches with excessive antibiotic air pollution and human faecal contamination.
The Gram-negative micro organism remoted contained a single plasmid (≈54 kb) conferring a number of antibiotic resistance, which was linked to heavy steel tolerance; the SDS-PAGE evaluation demonstrated the expression of heavy steel stress proteins (≈59 and ≈10 kDa) in wastewater micro organism with a Cd2+ stressor.
The examine outcomes grant an perception into the co-occurrence of antibiotic resistance and heavy steel tolerance amongst clinically related micro organism in sewage wastewater, prompting an intense well being impression over antibiotic utilization.
